The survival rate of extremely preterm infants born from 2013 through 2018 in a large network of U.S. research centers improved to 78.3 percent.

A study conducted in two rural Massachusetts jails found that people with opioid use disorder (OUD) who were incarcerated and received buprenorphine, a medication approved to treat OUD, were less likely to face re-arrest and reconviction after release.

A team led by NIAID’s Dr. Paolo Lusso developed and tested an mRNA HIV vaccine in animals. Study results were published in Nature Medicine.

The FDA recently approved a long-acting HIV prevention medication. Developed by ViiV Healthcare, cabotegravir is injected once every 2 months. FDA has approved the medicine for use by adults and adolescents weighing at least 77 pounds who are at risk of sexually acquiring HIV.

A small NIH-funded study has linked sleep-disordered breathing in early pregnancy with insulin resistance or difficulty clearing glucose from the blood. The results, which appear in Sleep, strengthen the link between sleep-disordered breathing, which includes pauses or slowing of breathing during sleep, and gestational diabetes.

NIA-funded researchers have found that people who took the drug sildenafil, sold under the brand names Viagra and Revatio, were less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sildenafil also enhanced growth and reduced Alzheimer’s biomarkers in cultured human neurons.

A commonly reported symptom of Covid-19 infection has been loss of taste and smell. NIAID-funded researchers have found another sensory connection: SARS-CoV-2 can infect inner ear cells.

A clinical trial has found the combination of all-trans retinoic acid, which is a metabolite of vitamin A, and arsenic trioxide is highly effective in children with standard- and high-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia, or APL.

New evidence suggests that adding the targeted therapy ibrutinib (Imbruvica) to a standard chemotherapy regimen can improve how long some younger people with a specific form of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) live.

Researchers found that a neglected antibiotic called hygromycin A selectively kills Borelliella burgdorferi, the bacteria that cause Lyme disease. The antibiotic was able to treat Lyme disease in mice without disrupting the microbiome.