Children born to mothers who both drank and smoked beyond the first trimester of pregnancy have a 12-fold increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) compared to those unexposed or only exposed in the first trimester of pregnancy.

An NIH study found that chronic treatment with mirabegron, a drug approved to treat overactive bladder, activated brown fat in a small group of healthy women and had several other beneficial metabolic effects.

Women who breastfed their infants exclusively for 7 to 12 months may have a significantly lower risk of early menopause than their peers who breastfed their infants for less than a month, according to an analysis funded by NIH.

Scientists showed that they could alter brain activity of rats and either wake them up or put them in an unconscious state by changing the firing rates of neurons in the central thalamus, a region known to regulate arousal.

A study of mice shows how proteasomes, a cell’s waste disposal system, may break down during Alzheimer’s disease, creating a cycle in which increased levels of damaged proteins become toxic, clog proteasomes and kill neurons.

Children conceived via infertility treatments are no more likely to have a developmental delay than children conceived without such treatments, according to a study by researchers at NIH, the New York state department of health and other institutions.

Researchers supported in part by NICHD have shown that it’s possible to diagnose a bacterial infection from a small sample of blood in infants 2 months of age or younger who have fevers.

Researchers have identified a mechanism in mice by which anti-cancer immune responses are inhibited within the lungs, a common site of metastasis for many cancers.

Scientists and clinicians have long dreamed of helping the injured brain repair itself by creating new neurons; an innovative NIH-funded study published Aug. 22.

NIH researchers have discovered a rare and sometimes lethal inflammatory disease—otulipenia—that primarily affects young children. Scientists have also identified anti-inflammatory treatments that ease some of the patients’ symptoms.