NIH Record - National Institutes of Health

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How Does Research Work?

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Various cartoon illustrations of people in labcoats or medical scrubs with testtubes and microscopes

Have you ever wondered what it means to “follow the science?” Sometimes it may seem like what’s true one day changes the next. But when what we know changes, it often means science is working.

Research helps us understand the world through careful testing. Each advance builds on past discoveries. This process can take a long time. But the end result is a better understanding of the world around us.

In general, the scientific process follows many steps. First, scientists start with a question. They look at past research to see what others have learned. Different scientists have diverse skills and training. They each bring their own approaches and ideas. And they design new experiments to test their ideas.

Cartoon illustration featuring scientists in labcoats viewing a background of the DNA double helix, the coronavirus structure and other science images

Next, scientists perform their experiments and collect data. Then, they evaluate what their findings might mean. This often leads them to new questions and ideas to test.

The next step is to share their data and ideas with other scientists. Other experts can give new perspectives or point out problems.

It’s natural to want answers. But it’s important not to draw conclusions based on a single study. Scientists start to form conclusions only after looking at many studies over time. Sometimes, even these conclusions change with more evidence. Science is an evolving process. But it’s the best way we have to seek out answers.

NIH has created a one-page guide to explain more about how research works. Find the guide in English (https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/about-nih/public-trust/20210902-understanding-research-print.pdf) or Spanish (https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/about-nih/public-trust/20210902-understanding-research-spanish-print.pdf).

The NIH Record

The NIH Record, founded in 1949, is the biweekly newsletter for employees of the National Institutes of Health.

Published 25 times each year, it comes out on payday Fridays.

Editor: Dana Talesnik
Dana.Talesnik@nih.gov

Associate Editor: Patrick Smith
pat.smith@nih.gov

Assistant Editor: Eric Bock
Eric.Bock@nih.gov

Staff Writer: Amber Snyder
Amber.Snyder@nih.gov