Scientists showed that they could alter brain activity of rats and either wake them up or put them in an unconscious state by changing the firing rates of neurons in the central thalamus, a region known to regulate arousal.

A study of mice shows how proteasomes, a cell’s waste disposal system, may break down during Alzheimer’s disease, creating a cycle in which increased levels of damaged proteins become toxic, clog proteasomes and kill neurons.

Children conceived via infertility treatments are no more likely to have a developmental delay than children conceived without such treatments, according to a study by researchers at NIH, the New York state department of health and other institutions.

Researchers supported in part by NICHD have shown that it’s possible to diagnose a bacterial infection from a small sample of blood in infants 2 months of age or younger who have fevers.

Researchers have identified a mechanism in mice by which anti-cancer immune responses are inhibited within the lungs, a common site of metastasis for many cancers.

Scientists and clinicians have long dreamed of helping the injured brain repair itself by creating new neurons; an innovative NIH-funded study published Aug. 22.

NIH researchers have discovered a rare and sometimes lethal inflammatory disease—otulipenia—that primarily affects young children. Scientists have also identified anti-inflammatory treatments that ease some of the patients’ symptoms.

A new study in rats shows that stem cell secretions, called exosomes, appear to protect cells in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye.

A daily low dose of aspirin may help a subgroup of women, those who have previously lost a pregnancy, to successfully conceive and carry a pregnancy to term, according to an analysis by NIH researchers.

In a study of mice and monkeys, NIH-funded researchers showed that they could prevent and reverse some of the brain injury caused by the toxic form of a protein called tau.